In the mushrooming of the fast foods which contain fat and life style change for some of the urban people, thus diseases that become the effect from the life style change will appear more often. One of the diseases is hypertension.
Maybe many of us still don’t know what is meant by hypertension. In general, hypertension is a state of situation where somebody experiences blood pressure increase above normal indicated by systolic number (upper number) and diastolic (lower number) at the blood tension check using the blood pressure meter either by quicksilver (sphygmomanometer) or other digital devices.
The normal blood pressure is 120/80 (systolic pressure is 120 mmHg and diastolic pressure is 80 mmHG). However, that blood pressure value doesn’t have a standard value. That depends on the physical and emotional activity of the person.
Hypertension is a disorder that is difficult to be known by our own body. The only way to find out hypertension is by measuring our own blood pressure regularly. It is known that 9 out of 10 people suffering from hypertension can’t be identified their cause of illness. Hypertension can actually be inherited from the parents to their children. If one of the parents gets hypertension, thus the tendency for a child to get hypertension is bigger compare to those who do not have parents with hypertension.
Hypertension Classification
Based on the systolic and diastolic pressure, hypertension can be categorized as follow:
Category Systolic Blood Pressure Diastolic Blood Pressure
Normal < 120 mmHg < 80 mmHg
Pre-hypertension 120-139 mmHg 80-89 mmHg
Stadium 1 140-159 mmHg 90-99 mmHg
Stadium 2 ≥ 160 mmHg ≥ 100 mm Hg
Along with the aging process, almost every man experiences blood pressure increase; systolic pressure gets higher until 80 years old and diastolic pressure keeps on increasing until 55-60 years old, then it will decrease slowly or even drastically go down.
Whereas based on the causes of hypertension, it can be classified as follow:
a. Primary Hypertension
Primary hypertension is a state of situation where the high blood pressure happens as the consequence of somebody’s life style and environment factor. Somebody with uncontrollable eating pattern can cause overweight or even obesity, which is an initial factor to get high blood pressure. So with someone in an environment or a high stressor condition can possibily get hypertension, including those who do less exercise can suffer hypertension
b. Secondary Hypertension
Secondary hypertension is a condition where the increase of the high blood pressure happens as a cause of a person experiences/suffers other diseases such as heart failure, kidney failure or body hormonal system disorder. Whereas to pregnant mother the general blood pressure increases during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. Especially to those mothers whose body weight is above normal or overweight (obese).
Hypertension Symptoms
In most cases, hypertension doesn’t show symptoms, though unintentionally some symptoms take place at the same time and are believed to be connected with hypertension (while in fact it is not). The symptoms mentioned are headache, bleeding nose, dizzy, red face and fatigue; that can happen either to hypertension sufferer or to those whose blood pressure is normal.
If his/her hypertension is chronic or long-suffering and incurable, it can cause the following symptoms such as:
• Headache
• Fatigue
• Queasy
• Vomit
• Short-winded
• Anxious
• Blurred vision, that happens because there is a brain damage, eyes, heart and kidney
Sometimes the hard hypertension sufferer experiences consciousness decreasing and even coma because of the brain swelling. This condition is well known as encephalopathy hypertensive that requires immediate medication.
Complication
Hypertension is suspected to develop becoming a more serious health problem and even can cause death. Often, hypertension is said as the silent killer because of 2 things:
• Hypertension is difficult to be aware of by someone because hypertension doesn’t have special symptoms. Light symptoms such as dizzy, anxious, bleeding nose and headache usually are rarely connected to hypertension. Hypertension can be known by measuring the blood pressure regularly.
• Hypertension sufferer, if he/she is not taken care of well, will pose bigger risk to die because of cardiovascular complication such as stroke, heart attack, heart failure and kidney failure.
Hypertension Prevention
Hypertension disease can be avoided by preventive actions, such as:
• Enough sleep, between 6-8 hours daily
• Reduce high cholesterol foods and add physical activities to reduce body weight. Based on the research done by Clinical and Public Health Advisory from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program in the USA that body weight reducing up to 4.4 kg can decrease blood pressure up to 7.0 mmHg and doing aerobics for 30 minutes daily can reduce high blood pressure up to to 4.05 mmHg
• After 30 years of age, check blood pressure annually
• Don’t smoke/drink alcohol
• Reduce body weight if it’s overweight
• Learn how to manage stress
• Consume fish oil. Increasing the consumption of fish oil containing Omega-3 can decrease blood pressure significantly especially to those suffering diabetes
• Supply Calcium, though it only reduces a little blood pressure but calcium sufficiently helps, too
Caring and Medication
Caring and medication for hypertension can be done by:
a. Hypertension Diet
• Sodium/Natrium salt content. Someone with hypertension better control him/her self in consuming salt. Some tips that can be done to control sodium/Natrium diet.
* Don’t put salt on the table
* Choose low content sodium when buying foods
* Limit meat and cheese consumption
* Avoid salty snacks
* Reduce sauces use that usually have sodium content
• Potassium/Kalium
Potassium supplement 2-4 gram per day can help blood pressure decrease. Potassium usually can be found in some fruits and vegetables. Fruit and vegetables containing Potassium is good to be consumed by hypertension sufferer such as watermelon, avocado, melon, bitter melon, pumpkin, gourd, cucumber, aloe, celery, onion and garlic. Others, food containing Omega-3 elements is known as very effective in helping to reduce blood pressure
b. Hypertension medication is usually combined with several medicines such as:
• Diuretic: Hydrochlorothiazide Tablet (HCT), Lasix (Furosemide) are hypertension medicine class with liquid disposal through body urine. But because potassium can go off with the urine, thus the control of the potassium consumption must be done.
• Beta-blockers: Atenolol (Tenorim), Capoten (Captopril) are medicine used in an effort to control blood pressure through slowing the process of heart performance and widening (vasodilatation) of the blood vascular.
• Calcium channel blockers: Norvasc (amlopidine), Angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) are some of the medicines that are commonly used in controlling high blood pressure or hypertension through a relaxation of the blood vascular that can also widening it.
By regular medication and control, and avoiding risks factor avoidance towards hypertension, therefore the death number because of this illness can be suppressed.
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